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Direct and Indirect Speech

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Reported speech is used if we want to retell one’s opinion or someone’s talk to another person. Reported speech is usually started by introducing verb such as : say, tell, answer, inform, explain, add, order, and command. Reported speech can be form from :
1.      Statement
2.      Command/imperative
3.      Question
If direct speech is changed into indirect speech, it will be changed into the other tenses if introducing verb in.
v  Past tense (He said, told, asked,.....)
v  Past perfect tense (He had said,.....)
Especially if the sentence in statement and question form. Beside change the tenses, we must change adverb of time, adverb of place and pronoun if we change direct speech into indirect speech that used introducing verb past perfect and past tense.
The change of tenses :
a.       Simple present tense               Simple past tense
b.      Present continous tense           → Past continous tense
c.       Simple past tense                    → Past perfect tense
d.      Present perfect tense               → Past perfect tense
e.       Past pefect tense                     → Past perfect tense
The change of pronoun and possesive adjective :
a.       You     → Me/he/she/them/I/him/her
b.      My       → His/her
c.       Our      → Their/our
d.      We       → They
e.       Your    → My/his/her
The change of abverb of time and adverb of place :
a.       Now                → That moment
b.      Today              → That day
c.       Tomorrow       →The following day/the after day
d.      Yesterday        → The day before/the previous day
e.       Last week        →The week before/the previous week
f.       A week ago     → A week before
g.      Next month     → The following month
h.      Here                → There
i.        This                 → That
j.        These               → Those
A.    STATEMENT
Direct into indirect : introducing verb + that.
Ex :
1.      Rina     : “Miss Lina was late.”
Rina said that Miss Lina had been late.
2.      Tomy   : I’m very happy.”
Tomy asked that he  was very happy.
B.     Question

Yes/No question : introducing verb + if/whether + statement order.
Ex :
1.      Rina                 : “Are you busy today?”
Rina asked me whether I was busy that day.
2.      Susan               : “Do you attend the meeting?”
Susan wanted to know if I attended the meeting.
3.      Miran               : “Did you attend the meeting?”
Miran wanted to know whether I had attended the meeting.

W/H question : introducing verb + W/H question + statement order.
Ex :
1.      Diana              : “Where does Rita live?”
Diana asked me where Rita lived ?
2.      Sinta               : “How did you get there ?”
Shinta asked me how I had got there ?’’

C.     Command
Command : introducing verb + to + verb infinitive.
Ex :
1.      Tom                 : “Come in, please !”
Tom asked her to come in.
2.      Teacher            : “Be quiet, please !”
Teacher asked the student to be quiet.
3.      Mr. Anto         : “Do your homework well !”
Mr. Anto asked his student to do their homework well.

Prohibition : introducing verb + not + to + verb infinitive.
Ex :
1.      Teacher           : “Don’t be noisy, please !”
Teacher asked the student not to be noisy.
2.      Miss Santy     : ”Don’t disturb me, please !”
Miss Santy has asked her friend not to disturb her.
3.      The doctor      : “Don’t smoke here, please !”
The doctor told the patients not to smoke there.

Exercise :
Change the direct speech into indirect speech !
1.      Rini          : “ I work hard today.”
2.      Alex         : “I am very tired.”
3.      Nana         : “I will call you soon.”
4.      Dina         : “ Anwar was absent yesterday.”
5.      Asha         : “I have studied English for 7 years.”
6.      Teacher     : “Write quickly, please !”
7.      Tom          : “Go away !”
8.      Angga      : “Wait for me, please !”
9.      Rita          : “Be calm down, please !”
10.  Siti            : “Come to my house, plase !”

           


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